Interpretation

In patients infected with this virus, IgG antibody is generally detectable within 1 to 3 weeks of onset, peaking within 1 to 2 months, and declining slowly thereafter.

IgM class antibody is also reliably detected within 1 to 3 weeks of onset, peaking and rapidly declining within 3 months.

Single serum specimen IgG greater than or equal to 1:10 indicates exposure to the virus.

Results from a single serum specimen can differentiate early (acute) infection from past infection with immunity if IgM is positive (suggests acute infection).

A 4-fold or greater rise in IgG antibody titer in acute and convalescent sera indicate recent infection.

In the United States, it is unusual for any patient to show positive reactions to more than 1 of the arboviral antigens, although Western equine encephalitis (WEE) and Eastern equine encephalitis antigens will show a noticeable cross-reactivity.

Infections with arboviruses can occur at any age. The age distribution depends on the degree of exposure to the particular transmitting arthropod relating to age and sex, as well as the occupational, vocational, and recreational habits of the individuals. Once humans have been infected, the severity of the host response may be influenced by age: WEE tends to produce the most severe clinical infections in young persons. Infection in male patients is primarily due to working conditions and sports activity taking place where the vector is present.