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Test Code ALCU Aluminum/Creatinine Ratio, Urine


Specimen Required


Only orderable as part of a profile. For more information see ALUCR / Aluminum/Creatinine Ratio, Random, Urine.

 

Patient Preparation: High concentrations of gadolinium and iodine are known to interfere with most metal tests. If either gadolinium- or iodine-containing contrast media has been administered, a specimen should not be collected for 96 hours.

Supplies: Urine Tubes, 10 mL (T068)

Collection Container/Tube: Clean, plastic urine collection container

Submission Container/Tube: Plastic urine tube or clean, plastic aliquot container with no metal cap or glued insert

Specimen Volume: 3 mL

Collection Instructions:

1. Collect a random urine specimen.

2. See Metals Analysis Specimen Collection and Transport for complete instructions.


Useful For

Measurement of aluminum concentration as a part of assessing for aluminum exposure

Method Name

Only orderable as part of a profile. For more information see ALUCR / Aluminum/Creatinine Ratio, Random, Urine.

 

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)

Reporting Name

Aluminum/Creat Ratio, U

Specimen Type

Urine

Specimen Minimum Volume

0.7 mL

Specimen Stability Information

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
Urine Refrigerated (preferred) 28 days
  Ambient  28 days
  Frozen  28 days

Reference Values

Only orderable as part of a profile. For more information see ALUCR / Aluminum/Creatinine Ratio, Random, Urine.

 

Not applicable

Interpretation

Daily excretion more than 10 mcg/24 hours indicates exposure to aluminum.

 

Prosthesis wear is known to result in increased circulating concentration of metal ions.(1) Modest increase (10-20 mcg/24 hours) in urine aluminum concentration is likely to be associated with a prosthetic device in good condition. Urine concentrations more than 50 mcg/24 hours in a patient with an aluminum-based implant, not undergoing dialysis, suggest significant prosthesis wear. Increased urine trace element concentrations in the absence of corroborating clinical information do not independently predict prosthesis wear or failure.

 

In kidney failure, the ability of the kidney to excrete aluminum decreases, while the exposure to aluminum increases (aluminum-laden dialysis water, aluminum-laden albumin, and aluminum-laden phosphate binders).

 

Patients receiving chelation therapy with desferrioxamine (for iron- or aluminum-overload states) also excrete considerably more aluminum in their urine than normal.

Clinical Reference

1. Liu TK, Liu SH, Chang CH, Yang RS. Concentration of metal elements in the blood and urine in the patients with cementless total knee arthroplasty. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1998;185(4):253-262

2. O'Shea S, Johnson DW. Review article: Addressing risk factors in chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder: Can we influence patient-level outcomes? Nephrology. 2009;14(4):416-427

3. Meyer-Baron M, Schuper M, Knapp G, van Thriel C. Occupational aluminum exposure: Evidence in support of its neurobehavioral impact. NeuroToxicology. 2007;28(6):1068-1078

4. Strathmann FG, Blum LM: Toxic elements. In: Rifai N, Chiu RWK, Young I, Burnham CAD, Wittwer CT, eds. Tietz Textbook of Laboratory Medicine. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2023:455.e55

5. US Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Aluminum. HHS; 2006. Accessed August 29, 2023. Available at www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp22.pdf

6. Willhite CC, Karyakina NA, Yokel RA, et al. Systematic review of potential health risks posed by pharmaceutical, occupational and consumer exposures to metallic and nanoscale aluminum, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide, and its soluble salts. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2014;44 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):1-80. doi:10.3109/10408444.2014.934439

Day(s) Performed

Tuesday

Report Available

2 to 8 days

Performing Laboratory

Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester

Test Classification

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

CPT Code Information

82108

LOINC Code Information

Test ID Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
ALCU Aluminum/Creat Ratio, U 13470-0

 

Result ID Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
610839 Aluminum/Creat Ratio, U 13470-0